E-Poster

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS : KEY RADIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN CHEST RADIOGRAPH

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS : KEY RADIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN CHEST RADIOGRAPH Abd Latiff, Muhammad Nor Taufik Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a microorganism named Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) can be pulmonary or extra-pulmonary, where it can infect various organs other than the lung. For example, bone, gut, urinary bladder, joints, and the central nervous system. In 2023, it was estimated that around 10.8 million people were infected with tuberculosis, and Southeast East Asia countries are the most affected, accounting for around 45% of the infections, followed by the African region (24%). Symptoms of TB infection can include chronic cough (> 3 weeks), hemoptysis, loss of weight, loss of appetite, night sweats, and low-grade fever. Other symptoms, especially of extrapulmonary TB, can be seizures, chronic soft tissue abscesses, back pain, and intestinal obstruction. Diagnosis of tuberculosis infection is based on clinical assessment, chest radiograph, and laboratory investigations, especially sputum AFB, mycobacterial culture, and Xpert Ultra. Since chest radiograph is easily available, knowledge of recognizing pulmonary tuberculosis features is essential for medical personnel. This is an illustrated e-poster describing the key radiological feature in pulmonary tuberculosis infection, which should be looked up during the review of chest radiographs, especially in highly suspicious cases or in TB screening.

Pharmacology made easy (Cough Medicine)

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Pharmacology made easy (Cough Medicine) Che Noh, Che Ismail; Rahman, Md Shamsur Coughing serves as a natural defense mechanism that helps clear the airways of mucus, debris, and other irritants from the bronchi and bronchioles. This reflex is triggered when the respiratory mucosa becomes irritated and is regulated by a cough center located in the medulla oblongata. In managing cough, therapy should aim to relieve symptoms without hindering the normal clearance of bronchopulmonary secretions or delaying proper diagnosis. Broadly, cough medications are classified into two groups: antitussives, which suppress dry and irritating coughs, and expectorants, which facilitate the expulsion of mucus in productive coughs.

TACKLING ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY FOR PRIMARY CARE

Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

TACKLING ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY FOR PRIMARY CARE Hashim, Hazwani Hanum; Zainuddin, Nurul Akmanidar; Simon@Sumeh, Aini; Woritus, Christine; Jalip, Jorima; Michael, Marysia Introduction. Anaemia among pregnant women in Penampang, Sabah increase over four years, peaking at 12.1% in 2023. In 2024, a quality improvement (QI) initiative was introduced, resulting in a marked reduction to 5.7% (54/940 cases), surpassing the state target of less than 8.0%. this study describes the interventions implemented and their impact on anaemia outcomes. Methods. This was a retrospective QI intervention study conducted at Klinik Kesihatan Penampang and its affiliated clinics. Data on haemoglobin lecel at 36 weeks’ gestation were extracted from antenatal records between January and December 2024. The primary outcome was the proportion of pregnant women with anaemia (Hb<11.0g/dl). No formal statistictical testing was performed; data were analysed descriptively. Interventions included switching form intramuscular to intravenous (IV) Cosmofer iron therapy for cases unresponsive to oral iron, administered between 16 and 30 weeks of gestation. An Excel-based calculator was developed to guide the administration of IV iron dosing. Continuous medical education was conducted for medical officers and nurses. Nurses were empowered to initiate Zincofer when indicated. Anaemic mothers received early referral for nutritional counselling and were enrolled in mother-friendly classes. Anaemic cases were also discussed regularly in high-risk meetings. Results. Anaemia prevalence dropped form 12.1% in 2023 to 5.7% in 2024. The Excel calculator improved dosing accuracy and facilitated early intervention, while traing and team-based care enhanced overall management. Conclusion This QI initiative, supported by digital tool and team-based strategies, effectively reduced antenatal anaemia and may served as a scalable model for similar primary care settings.

Paternity Leave and Maternal Mortality: A Case Report on Placental Site Vessel Subinvolution

Thu, 28 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Paternity Leave and Maternal Mortality: A Case Report on Placental Site Vessel Subinvolution Hashim, Hazwani Hanum; Zainuddin, Nurul Akmanidar; Ahmad Suriani, Muhammad Uzair; Khusaini, Nur Fadzlyanah; Lim, Kai Joo Introduction Despite improvement in maternal healthcare in Malaysia, postpartum haemorrahge (PPH) remains a leading cause of maternal death. Common causes include uterine atony and retain products of conception. A rare but grave cause is placental site vessel subinvolution (VSI), often requiring emergency interventions like hysterectomy. Case Presentation A 32-year old woman, Para 6, day five postpartum, was found unconscious by her husband upon returning home from work and pronounced dead at the scene. The autopsy identified secondary postpartum haemorrhage from VSI as the cause of death. This tragedy was deemed preventable by the maternal mortality inquiry, highlighting a missed opportunity for earlier medical intervention in the absence of a postpartum companion. Unfortunately, due to their unregistered marriage, the husband was not entitled paternity leave. Thus, the patient was left unaccompanied with her newborn. No Other family support was available. Discussion Acceptable postpartum support, crucial for maternal well-being, traditionally involves family or local midwives. Some nations have enacted paternity leave policies to improve paternal involvement in early childcare and support However, in Malaysia, paternity leaves benefits are restricted to legally married couples, leaving some mothers without necessary support. Conclusion This case emphasizes the need for comprehensive paternity leave policies that include all parental figures, irrespective of marital status. It also signifies the importance of formal marriage registration to qualify for such benefits. Ensuring that every mother receives support during the critical postpartum is vital in decreasing maternal mortality as it can ease prompt access to medical care and essential assistance.