Abstract:
The Dusun Bundu Liwan ethnic natives inhabited the two villages several centuries before Kinabalu Park was established in 1964. Geographically, almost all of their settlements are near or parallel to a branch or branch of the Mamut River. Their daily life is highly dependent on the river for drinking water supply, irrigation, food (fish) and traditional life practices. For centuries and before the opening of the Mamut copper mine in 1975, the Orang Asal in the area have always practiced Tagal to protect the river. Throughout the time the mine was in operation, all rivers originating from Sungai Mamut were not severely polluted. The pollution of river water due to the dumping of mine waste has destroyed the traditional life practices of the Orang Asal.
