Innovative Learning Structure for Process Simulation Course through SOLO Taxonomy

Abstract

The SOLO (Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome) taxonomy is a model that describes levels of increasing complexity in students' understanding, moving from surface to deep learning. It categorizes learning into five stages: pre-structural, where students lack understanding; uni-structural, focusing on one relevant aspect; multi-structural, where multiple aspects are understood but not integrated; relational, where connections between ideas form a cohesive understanding; and extended abstract, where students generalize and apply their knowledge to new contexts. SOLO supports progressive learning, helping educators structure activities that build from basic knowledge to advanced problem-solving.