KUUB Conference

Abstract

Abstract ID 14

Introduction - Hemoglobinopathies encompass a group of genetic disorders characterized by abnormalities in hemoglobin structure or production. Research on hemoglobinopathies mainly targets school-aged and adult groups, underscoring a lack of studies on adolescents nearing reproductive age.

Objectives - The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies among adolescents who had not been previously screened. Additional objectives were to explore possible associations between undiagnosed hemoglobinopathies, socio-demographic factors, and specific characteristics of these disorders.

Methodology - This cross-sectional observational study included 149 adolescents aged 10 to 24. All participants underwent physical examinations and hematological analyses. The collected data were analyzed using established statistical methods.

Results - Among the 149 adolescents studied, 8.7% (13 individuals) had hemoglobinopathies, with the majority being Kadazandusun (92.3%). Specific findings included two cases of hemoglobin-E trait and eleven of beta-thalassemia trait. Those with hemoglobinopathies were typically 1.5 years younger than those without. Statistically, they had a higher prevalence of microcytes (61.5% vs. 27.2%, p=0.024) and hypochromic red cells (61.5% vs. 27.9%, p=0.028), increased red cell counts (mean difference of 0.92, p<0.01), decreased hemoglobin levels (mean difference of -1.3, p=0.016), and elevated platelet counts (mean difference of 54.28, p=0.01). Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed higher hemoglobin A2 (mean difference of 9.47%, p=0.004) and fetal hemoglobin levels (mean difference of 1.16%, p=0.009).

Conclusion- In regions with a high prevalence of beta-thalassemia, such as Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies among adolescents is significant, particularly among genetically predisposed ethnic groups like the Kadazandusuns. Those identified with hemoglobinopathies were generally younger. Our findings underscore the critical importance of comprehensive screening and counseling programs to improve adolescents' awareness of their carrier status. That will minimize missed cases in the National Thalassemia Prevention and Control Program.