VOLUMETRIC MODELLING OF THE FRONTAL SINUS AS A FORENSIC MARKER

Abstract

The frontal sinus (FS), a structurally unique cavity within the skull, is frequently well-preserved even in mass disaster contexts, making it valuable for human identification. While traditional osteometric approaches cannot capture internal morphology, and two-dimensional imaging is limited by superimposition, three-dimensional (3D) imaging enables detailed visualisation of complex sinus architecture. Despite this advantage, research on 3D FS analysis remains limited in the Malaysian context. This study examines the potential of 3D frontal sinus volumetric measurements as a metric for sex estimation among Malaysians. The findings highlight the applicability of 3D volumetry as a complementary tool in forensic identification, offering improved anatomical characterisation and population-specific insights.